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Index stranica MATEMATIČKA ANALIZA LIMESI

Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

[inlmath]\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}x\left(\sqrt{x^2+a^2}-x\right)[/inlmath]

Re: Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

Postod Daniel » Sreda, 23. Januar 2013, 23:22

Još dva...

e.
[dispmath]\lim_{x\to 1}\left(\frac{1}{\ln x}-\frac{1}{x-1}\right)=\lim_{x\to 1}\frac{x-1-\ln x}{\left(x-1\right)\ln x}=\lim_{x\to 1}\frac{\left(x-1-\ln x\right)'}{\left[\left(x-1\right)\ln x\right]'}=\lim_{x\to 1}\frac{1-\frac{1}{x}}{1\cdot\ln x+\left(x-1\right)\frac{1}{x}}=[/dispmath][dispmath]=\lim_{x\to 1}\frac{x-1}{x\ln x+\left(x-1\right)}=\lim_{x\to 1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)'}{\left[x\ln x+\left(x-1\right)\right]'}=\lim_{x\to 1}\frac{1}{1\cdot\ln x+x\cdot\frac{1}{x}+1}=\lim_{x\to 1}\frac{1}{\ln x+1+1}=\frac{1}{0+2}=\frac{1}{2}[/dispmath]
f.
[dispmath]\lim_{t\to 0}\left(\frac{1}{\sin t}-\frac{1}{t}\right)=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{t-\sin t}{t\sin t}=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{\left(t-\sin t\right)'}{\left(t\sin t\right)'}=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{1-\cos t}{1\cdot\sin t+t\cos t}=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{\left(1-\cos t\right)'}{\left(\sin t+t\cos t\right)'}=[/dispmath][dispmath]=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{-\left(-\sin t\right)}{\cos t+1\cdot\cos t+t\left(-\sin t\right)}=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{\sin t}{2\cos t-t\sin t}=\frac{0}{2\cdot 1-0}=0[/dispmath]
I do not fear death. I had been dead for billions and billions of years before I was born, and had not suffered the slightest inconvenience from it. – Mark Twain
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Re: Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

Postod Daniel » Sreda, 23. Januar 2013, 23:48

...i poslednja dva :text-goodnightt:

h.
[dispmath]\lim_{x\to 0}\left(1+x^2\right)^\frac{1}{x}=\lim_{x\to 0}e^{\ln\left(1+x^2\right)^\frac{1}{x}}=\lim_{x\to 0}e^{\frac{1}{x}\ln\left(1+x^2\right)}=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\frac{\ln\left(1+x^2\right)}{x}}[/dispmath][dispmath]\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\ln\left(1+x^2\right)}{x}=\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\left[\ln\left(1+x^2\right)\right]'}{\left(x\right)'}=\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\frac{1}{1+x^2}\cdot 2x}{1}=\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{2x}{1+x^2}=\frac{2\cdot 0}{1+0}=0[/dispmath][dispmath]e^{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\frac{\ln\left(1+x^2\right)}{x}}=e^0=1[/dispmath]
i.
[dispmath]\lim_{x\to\infty}\left(1+\frac{a}{x}\right)^x=\lim_{x\to\infty}e^{\ln\left(1+\frac{a}{x}\right)^x}=\lim_{x\to\infty}e^{x\ln\left(1+\frac{a}{x}\right)}=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}x\ln\left(1+\frac{a}{x}\right)}[/dispmath][dispmath]\lim_{x\to\infty}x\ln\left(1+\frac{a}{x}\right)=[/dispmath]
Smena [inlmath]\frac{1}{x}=t[/inlmath]
[dispmath]=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{\ln\left(1+at\right)}{t}=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{\left[\ln\left(1+at\right)\right]'}{\left(t\right)'}=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{\frac{1}{1+at}\cdot a}{1}=\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{a}{1+at}=a[/dispmath][dispmath]e^{\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}x\ln\left(1+\frac{a}{x}\right)}=e^a[/dispmath]
I do not fear death. I had been dead for billions and billions of years before I was born, and had not suffered the slightest inconvenience from it. – Mark Twain
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Re: Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

Postod blake » Subota, 23. Novembar 2013, 22:24

Treba mi provjerit rezultate
[dispmath]1)\\
\lim_{x\to\frac{\pi}{2}}(1-\sin x)\:\mathrm{tg}\:x\quad\mbox{Rj: }0[/dispmath]
[dispmath]2)\\
\lim_{x\to 0}\left(\frac{1}{x}-\mathrm{ctg}\:x\right)\quad\mbox{Rj: }0[/dispmath]
[dispmath]3)\\
\lim_{x\to 0}\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\arccos x\right)^{\frac{1}{x}}\quad\mbox{Rj: }e^{-1}[/dispmath]
[dispmath]4)\\
\lim_{x\to\infty}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^{\mathrm{tg}\:x}[/dispmath]
[dispmath]e^{\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\mathrm{tg}\:x\ln\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}[/dispmath][dispmath]e^L[/dispmath][dispmath]L=\lim_{x\to\infty}\mathrm{tg}\:x\ln\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)[/dispmath][dispmath]L=\lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{\ln\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}{\mathrm{ctg}\:x}=\left[\frac{\infty}{\infty}\right]^{L'H}[/dispmath][dispmath]L=\lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{x}{\frac{-1}{\sin^2x}}=\cdots\;???[/dispmath]
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Re: Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

Postod blake » Nedelja, 24. Novembar 2013, 04:04

blake je napisao:[dispmath]3)\\
\lim_{x\to 0}\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\arccos x\right)^{\frac{1}{x}}\quad\mbox{Rj: }e^{-1}[/dispmath]

[dispmath]e^{\frac{-2}{\pi}}[/dispmath][dispmath]\left(\ln\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\arccos x\right)\right)'=\frac{1}{\frac{2}{\pi}\arccos x}\cdot{\color{green}\frac{2}{\pi}}\cdot\left(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\right)[/dispmath]
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Re: Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

Postod Daniel » Nedelja, 24. Novembar 2013, 10:15

Prva tri su ti okej (treći s ovom naknadnom ispravkom), a u četvrtom se ne može primeniti l'Hospital:
[dispmath]{\lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{\ln\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}{\mathrm{ctg}\:x}}{\color{red}\ne}\left[\frac{\infty}{\infty}\right][/dispmath]
jer, kada [inlmath]x\to\infty[/inlmath], [inlmath]\ln\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)[/inlmath] teži ka [inlmath]-\infty[/inlmath], ali [inlmath]\mathrm{ctg}\:x[/inlmath] je periodična funkcija, tako da se periodično ponaša i u beskonačnosti – vrednost mu i u beskonačnosti varira između [inlmath]-\infty[/inlmath] i [inlmath]+\infty[/inlmath], prolazeći i kroz nulu.

Samim tim, nije ispunjen uslov za primenu L'H.
I do not fear death. I had been dead for billions and billions of years before I was born, and had not suffered the slightest inconvenience from it. – Mark Twain
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Re: Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

Postod blake » Nedelja, 24. Novembar 2013, 16:12

Aha, ali ja sam falija i prepisat taj četvrti jer limes ide u nulu...Rezultat je onda [inlmath]0[/inlmath] (primjenom L'H) :?:
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Re: Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

Postod Daniel » Nedelja, 24. Novembar 2013, 18:04

Limes može ići u nulu jedino s desne strane, zbog argumenta logaritma, koji mora biti pozitivan. U tom slučaju, može preko L'H i dobija se jedinica kao rezultat.
Imao si grešku i pri primeni L'H:
[dispmath]L=\lim_{x\to 0^+}\frac{\ln\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}{\mathrm{ctg}\:x}=\lim_{x\to 0^+}\frac{\left[\ln\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right]'}{\left(\mathrm{ctg}\:x\right)'}=\lim_{x\to 0^+}\frac{x{\color{red}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)'}}{-\frac{1}{\sin^2x}}=\cdots[/dispmath]
Bio si zaboravio da treba napisati i ovo crveno, jer je [inlmath]\ln\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)[/inlmath] složena funkcija. Kad uradiš ovako, ovaj limes će biti nula, a limes koji tražimo (tj. [inlmath]e[/inlmath] dignut na ovaj limes) biće [inlmath]e^0[/inlmath], tj. [inlmath]1[/inlmath].
I do not fear death. I had been dead for billions and billions of years before I was born, and had not suffered the slightest inconvenience from it. – Mark Twain
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Re: Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

Postod forzajuve » Četvrtak, 29. Maj 2014, 19:38

Moze li pomoc oko ovog zadatka - da li moze preko lopitala? Ja sam ovako nesto krenuo ali zeza me [inlmath]\mathrm{arctg}[/inlmath]
[dispmath]\lim_{x\to 0}\left(\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}\right)^\frac{1}{x^2}=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\frac{1}{x^2}\ln\left(\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}\right)}[/dispmath]
Hvala puno
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Re: Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

Postod Daniel » Petak, 30. Maj 2014, 01:37

Ja bih ovde iskoristio to što [inlmath]\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}\to 1[/inlmath] kada [inlmath]x\to 0[/inlmath] (što se može pokazati smenom [inlmath]\mathrm{arctg}\:x=t[/inlmath]), pa bih limes zapisao ovako:
[dispmath]\lim_{x\to 0}\left(\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}\right)^\frac{1}{x^2}=\lim_{x\to 0}\left[1+\left(\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}-1\right)\right]^\frac{1}{x^2}[/dispmath]
pri čemu [inlmath]\left(\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}-1\right)[/inlmath] teži nuli; dalje se to može pisati:
[dispmath]\lim_{x\to 0}\left\{\left[1+\left(\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}-1\right)\right]^{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}-1}}\right\}^\frac{\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}-1}{x^2}=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\frac{\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}-1}{x^2}}=e^{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x-x}{x^3}}[/dispmath]
Limes u eksponentu se sada već može rešiti l'Hospital-om:
[dispmath]\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x-x}{x^3}=\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\frac{1}{1+x^2}-1}{3x^2}=-\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\cancel{x^2}}{3\cancel{x^2}\left(1+x^2\right)}=-\frac{1}{3}[/dispmath]
Prema tome, traženi limes je [inlmath]e^{-\frac{1}{3}}[/inlmath].
I do not fear death. I had been dead for billions and billions of years before I was born, and had not suffered the slightest inconvenience from it. – Mark Twain
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Re: Primjena l'Hospital-ovog pravila

Postod forzajuve » Petak, 30. Maj 2014, 12:17

Jel se posle ovog [inlmath]\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}\to 1[/inlmath] (to me je i bunilo) tj. posle smene dobije da je [inlmath]x=\mathrm{arctg}\:t[/inlmath]?
Hvala veliko :)
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