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Ovi korisnici su zahvalili autoru
Daniel za post:
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Reputacija: 4.35%
od Daniel » Utorak, 25. Decembar 2012, 14:20
Prvo stepen količnika rastavljamo na količnik stepena:
[dispmath]\lim_{x\to 0}\left(\frac{1+\mathrm{arctg}^2 x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}\right)^{x^{-2}}=\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\left(1+\mathrm{arctg}^2 x\right)^{x^{-2}}}{\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)^{x^{-2}}}=[/dispmath]
Koristimo sada osobinu limesa da je limes količnika dve funkcije jednak količniku limesa te dve funkcije:
[dispmath]=\frac{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left(1+\mathrm{arctg}^2 x\right)^{x^{-2}}}{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)^{x^{-2}}}=\frac{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left(1+\mathrm{arctg}^2 x\right)^{x^{-2}}}{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left[\left(x^2+1\right)^\frac{1}{2}\right]^{x^{-2}}}=\frac{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left(1+\mathrm{arctg}^2 x\right)^\frac{1}{x^2}}{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left[\left(x^2+1\right)^\frac{1}{2}\right]^\frac{1}{x^2}}=\frac{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left(1+\mathrm{arctg}^2 x\right)^\frac{1}{x^2}}{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left(x^2+1\right)^\frac{1}{2x^2}}=[/dispmath]
Sada nam je cilj da ove limese svedemo na oblik tipa [inlmath]\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left(1+x\right)^\frac{1}{x}[/inlmath], za koji znamo da teži ka [inlmath]e[/inlmath]:
[dispmath]=\frac{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left[\left(1+\mathrm{arctg}^2 x\right)^\frac{1}{\mathrm{arctg}^2 x}\right]^\frac{\mathrm{arctg}^2 x}{x^2}}{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left[\left(1+x^2\right)^\frac{1}{x^2}\right]^\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{e^{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\frac{\mathrm{arctg}^2 x}{x^2}}}{e^\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{e^{\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\left(\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}\right)^2}}{e^\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{e^{\left(\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}\right)^2}}{e^\frac{1}{2}}[/dispmath]
[inlmath]\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}[/inlmath] teži jedinici, što možemo i dokazati ako uvedemo smenu
[inlmath]t=\mathrm{arctg}\:x[/inlmath]
[inlmath]x=\mathrm{tg}\:t[/inlmath]
pa će taj limes postati
[inlmath]\lim\limits_{t\to 0}\frac{t}{\mathrm{tg}\:t}=\lim\limits_{t\to 0}\:\cos t\cdot\frac{t}{\sin t}=1\cdot 1=1[/inlmath]
pa limes koji tražimo postaje
[dispmath]\frac{e^{\left(\lim\limits_{x\to 0}\frac{\mathrm{arctg}\:x}{x}\right)^2}}{e^\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{e^{1^2}}{e^\frac{1}{2}}=e^{1-\frac{1}{2}}=e^\frac{1}{2}=\sqrt e[/dispmath]
I do not fear death. I had been dead for billions and billions of years before I was born, and had not suffered the slightest inconvenience from it. – Mark Twain